Deep Dive: Breathing & CO₂


In this episode, I sit down with respiratory and sleep scientist Martin McPhilimey to take a deep dive into breathing, CO₂ regulation, and how they actually impact performance, stress, and sleep.

We get into why respiratory physiology is way more complex than most people think, how his clinical and research background shaped his approach, and why breathwork exploded during COVID with names like Wim Hof and James Nestor.

From there, we dig into allostatic load and why piling on high-stress practices—like aggressive hyperventilation or cold exposure—can backfire if you’re already running hot.

We also talk about the difference between actually relaxing your system versus just dissociating from it.

We cover how inspiratory muscle training can improve performance and recovery, why respiratory rate is one of the most sensitive markers of stress, and question some common ideas, such as “CO₂ tolerance.”

We also touch on the risks and limited data around inhaled CO₂ therapies and what actually makes sense to apply in the real world.

Breathing & CO₂: What Actually Drives Performance << Details here

Episode Chapters:

  • 04:22 Why Breathing Is Complex
  • 07:52 Martin’s Origin Story
  • 11:20 From Clinics to Online
  • 14:57 Breathwork Goes Mainstream
  • 20:13 Wim Hof Risks and Load
  • 24:06 When Intense Breathwork Fits
  • 29:18 Relaxation vs Dissociation
  • 31:30 Respiratory Muscle Training
  • 35:12 Who Should Train Breathing
  • 36:35 Simple Device Protocol
  • 37:35 Why Teams Ignore Breathing
  • 38:27 Respiratory Rate as Stress
  • 39:52 Feedforward Breathing Control
  • 42:22 Rethinking CO2 Tolerance
  • 46:03 Nasal Breathing Tradeoffs
  • 48:28 Testing Limits and HRV
  • 50:48 Overnight Rate and Calm
  • 54:07 CO2 Inhalation and Risks
  • 56:45 State Encoding and Fear
  • 01:00:35 Wrap Up and Disclaimers

If you prefer to watch the podcast, check it out below:

Breathing & CO₂: What Actually Drives Performance << YouTube

Much love,
Dr Mike

PS -if you enjoyed this podcast, you will love the CO2 and O2 section in the Phys Flex Cert https://miket.me/physflex​ <--full details

_____________________

Mike T Nelson CISSN, CSCS, MSME, PhD
Associate Professor, Carrick Institute
Owner, Extreme Human Performance, LLC
Editorial Board Member, STRONG Fitness Mag

Mike T Nelson is a PhD and not a physician or registered dietitian. The contents of this email should not be taken as medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any health problem - nor is it intended to replace the advice of a physician. Always consult your physician or qualified health professional on any matters regarding your health.

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Dr Mike T Nelson

Creator of the Flex Diet Cert & Phys Flex Cert, CSCS, CISSN, Assoc Professor, kiteboarder, lifter of odd objects, metal music lover. >>>>Sign up to my daily FREE Fitness Insider newsletter below

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